Colour is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye.
Hue
There are three properties to colour. First is hue, which simply means the name we give to a colour (red, yellow, blue, etc.).
Intensity
The second property is intensity, which refers to the strength and vividness of the colour. For example, we may describe the colour blue as "royal" (bright, rich, vibrant) or "dull" (grayed).
Value
The third and final property of colour is its value, meaning its lightness or darkness. The terms shade and tint are in reference to value changes in colours. (http://arthistory.about.com/cs/glossaries/g/c_color.htm)
Complementary Colours
“Most of you probably understand the
concepts of contrast when it comes to value and complementary colors. For
instance, if you want something white to stand out, surround it by
black. Likewise, if you want something blue to stand out, surround it by
orange. But there are many other means of contrast, and in this case, saturation is doing the heavy lifting.”
Dan dos Santos (http://muddycolors.blogspot.co.at/2012/10/not-so-bright.html)
Relativity
Different results can be achieved by adjusting the intensity, hue or value/tone. Relativity is one of the most important aspects of colour theory. Make a colour bright and saturated by surrounding it with dull colours.
As Matisse and Kandinsky explain, colour acts as an important factor in the creation of specific moods in artwork. Hereby “the cultural background plays a significant role” (Bacher 2007). Nevertheless similar rules are applicable in many parts of the world as “certain cool colors calm down the emotions, while hot colors create aggression in emotions” (Bacher 2007). Through their combination different moods and atmospheres are created.
Harmonic Colour Schemes
(Images from Bacher, H. 2007. Dream Worlds: Production Design for Animation. Focal Press)
High Contrast Colour Schemes
(Images from Bacher, H. 2007. Dream Worlds: Production Design for Animation. Focal Press)
Colour Expressing Emotions
Matisse and Kandinsky describe colour as an important factor in the creation of specific moods in artwork. Hereby “the cultural background plays a significant role” (Bacher 2007). Nevertheless similar rules are applicable in many parts of the world as “certain cool colours calm down the emotions, while hot colours create aggression in emotions” (Bacher 2007). Through their combination different moods and atmospheres are created.
While Matisse chooses colour independently from scientific theory and bases his choice "on observation, on sensitivity, on felt experience” (Flam And Matisse 1995). The concept of applying colour without connection to the subject matter is an interesting approach. Kandinsky even takes it a step further by describing colour as a powerful tool to directly influence the soul and create great emotional effects (Kandinsky 1977).